Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue. This leads to an increased risk of fractures, especially in the hip, spine, and wrist. Osteoporosis is often called the "silent disease" because bone loss occurs without symptoms.
Some key facts about osteoporosis:
- It affects more than 200 million people worldwide.
- It is most common in postmenopausal women due to the rapid decline in estrogen levels after menopause. However, men can also develop osteoporosis.
- Major risk factors include family history, lifestyle factors like smoking and excessive alcohol intake, and medical conditions or medications that affect bone health.
Causes and Diagnosis
Osteoporosis occurs when bone resorption exceeds bone formation. As we age, old bone is removed (resorbed) faster than new bone can be formed. In early life, we reach peak bone mass by approximately age 30. After that, bone mass slowly declines. For women, bone loss accelerates significantly at menopause due to estrogen deficiency.
Osteoporosis is diagnosed with a bone mineral density (BMD) test. This test measures bone density usually at the hip and spine. Based on the BMD result, a doctor can determine a person's level of bone loss. Osteoporosis is diagnosed when the BMD is significantly lower than average for a patient's age and sex.
| Diagnostic Criteria |
T-score |
| Normal |
-1.0 or higher |
| Low bone mass (osteopenia) |
Between -1.0 and -2.5 |
| Osteoporosis |
-2.5 or lower |
Symptoms and Treatment
Unfortunately, osteoporosis does not cause symptoms until a fracture occurs. A fracture may be the first sign that a person has osteoporosis. Fractures often occur in the wrist, hip, or spine. They may occur during normal daily activities like bending over, lifting objects, or minor falls. Vertebral fractures can cause back pain, loss of height, or spinal deformities.
The goals of treating osteoporosis are to prevent fractures and maintain or increase bone strength. Treatment options include:
| Treatment |
Description |
| Medications |
Bisphosphonates (alendronate, ibandronate), denosumab, and teriparatide to prevent bone loss, increase bone density, and reduce fracture risk. |
| Supplements |
Calcium and vitamin D supplements to support bone health. |
| Exercise |
Weight-bearing aerobics, resistance training, and balance exercises to maintain bone mass. |
| Fall Prevention |
Removing tripping hazards, using assistive devices, and balance training. |
| Procedures |
For severe osteoporosis, vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty may be done to treat spinal fractures. |
At Restorative Health Center, we offer comprehensive osteoporosis treatment including hormone testing and optimization, nutritional support, and lifestyle changes. Our integrative approach can help reduce bone loss and fracture risk.
Conclusion
In summary, osteoporosis is a common bone disease characterized by reduced bone density and increased fracture risk. While concerning, it can be effectively managed through medications, supplements, exercise, fall prevention, and optimizing key hormones. The earlier it is diagnosed, the better the chances of preventing debilitating fractures over time. Consult a medical professional if you have risk factors or concerns about osteoporosis. With proper care and management, individuals with osteoporosis can maintain their bone health and quality of life.